Payment overview · 2025
General Payments
$2,455.69
48 reported records · 12 companies
Healthcare provider profile · identity verified
William C Choe, MD
Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease · LITTLETON, CO · NPI 1134146053
Verified facts
What the public records show
CMS Open Payments records show William C Choe, MD received $2,455.69 in general payments during 2025 across 48 reported records.
Abbott Laboratories accounted for 32.3% of that reported general-payment amount.
The Open Payments records used for this analysis explicitly named 26 associated products.
A separate comparison found the same explicitly named product in public Medicare Part D data: Entresto.
Lilly USA, LLC reported payments to this doctor in 2025. Across the 2025 Open Payments General Payment records loaded for this analysis, that same reporting entity reported JARDIANCE as an associated drug or biological on 47708 records involving 23833 distinct recipient NPIs. Public Medicare Part D data also shows 45 claims for Jardiance by this doctor in 2024.
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation reported payments to this doctor in 2025. Across the 2025 Open Payments General Payment records loaded for this analysis, that same reporting entity reported ENTRESTO as an associated drug or biological on 9346 records involving 6254 distinct recipient NPIs. Public Medicare Part D data also shows 116 claims for Entresto by this doctor in 2024.
PFIZER INC. reported payments to this doctor in 2025. Across the 2025 Open Payments General Payment records loaded for this analysis, that same reporting entity reported ELIQUIS as an associated drug or biological on 87112 records involving 36032 distinct recipient NPIs. Public Medicare Part D data also shows 1052 claims for Eliquis by this doctor in 2024.
These records do not establish that a payment influenced prescribing or medical care.
Separate record types
Research & Ownership
Research Payments (direct recipient): not present in the loaded data
Associated Research Funding (for example, named PI): not present in the loaded data
Ownership / Investment: not present in the loaded data
These categories are never added into the General Payments headline. Associated research funding must not be described as money the doctor personally received unless the source record supports that conclusion.
Who paid this doctor?
Companies in 2025 General Payments
| Reported company | Canonical company | Amount | Share | Records | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbott Laboratories | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $792.70 | 32.3% | 13 | 2025 |
| Impulse Dynamics (USA) Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $601.69 | 24.5% | 7 | 2025 |
| Boston Scientific Corporation | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $282.19 | 11.5% | 8 | 2025 |
| Medtronic, Inc. |
Medtronic, Inc. exact · evidence 2025-07-22 |
$263.50 | 10.7% | 4 | 2025 |
| AtriCure, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $197.86 | 8.1% | 1 | 2025 |
| PFIZER INC. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $112.80 | 4.6% | 6 | 2025 |
| Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $85.37 | 3.5% | 3 | 2025 |
| AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $36.57 | 1.5% | 2 | 2025 |
| Lilly USA, LLC | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $25.10 | 1.0% | 1 | 2025 |
| ABIOMED | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $23.91 | 1.0% | 1 | 2025 |
| Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $17.29 | 0.7% | 1 | 2025 |
| Amgen Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $16.71 | 0.7% | 1 | 2025 |
What were the payments for?
Payment categories
| Category | Amount | Records |
|---|---|---|
| Food and Beverage | $2,032.39 | 46 |
| Travel and Lodging | $423.30 | 2 |
A meal, consulting fee, royalty, and travel payment describe different kinds of reported relationships and should not be interpreted as equivalent.
Analysis 1 · Payment-linked products
Products named in Open Payments records
| Reported product | Type | Reported company | Related amount* | Records | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optimizer Normalized: optimizer |
Device | Impulse Dynamics (USA) Inc. | $601.69 | 7 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| AVEIR Normalized: aveir |
Device | Abbott Laboratories | $455.30 | 4 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| AFFERA MAPPING SYSTEM Normalized: affera mapping system |
Device | Medtronic, Inc. | $211.59 | 3 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| ATRICLIP LAA EXCLUSION SYSTEM Normalized: atriclip laa exclusion system |
Device | AtriCure, Inc. | $197.86 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| EPI-SENSE GUIDED COAGULATION SYSTEM WITH VISITRAX Normalized: epi sense guided coagulation system with visitrax |
Device | AtriCure, Inc. | $197.86 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| General - Therapies Normalized: general therapies |
Device | Boston Scientific Corporation | $185.15 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| ENSITE Normalized: ensite |
Device | Abbott Laboratories | $158.41 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| VYNDAQEL Normalized: vyndaqel |
Drug | PFIZER INC. | $95.41 | 5 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| LEQVIO Normalized: leqvio |
Drug | Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation | $85.37 | 3 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| AMPLATZER AMULET Normalized: amplatzer amulet |
Device | Abbott Laboratories | $78.15 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| MICRA Normalized: micra |
Device | Medtronic, Inc. | $51.91 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| WATCHMAN Access System Normalized: watchman access system |
Device | Boston Scientific Corporation | $41.73 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| General - Tachy Normalized: general tachy |
Device | Boston Scientific Corporation | $28.40 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| ZEPBOUND Normalized: zepbound |
Drug | Lilly USA, LLC | $25.10 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| ENTRESTO Normalized: entresto |
Drug | Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation | $24.94 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| GALLANT Normalized: gallant |
Device | Abbott Laboratories | $24.81 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| ASSURITY Normalized: assurity |
Device | Abbott Laboratories | $23.97 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| WATCHMAN Normalized: watchman |
Device | Boston Scientific Corporation | $22.16 | 3 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| FARXIGA Normalized: farxiga |
Drug | AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP | $21.61 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| TACTICATH ABLATION CATHETER, SENSOR ENABLED Normalized: tacticath ablation catheter sensor enabled |
Device | Abbott Laboratories | $20.24 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| ENSITE PRECISION Normalized: ensite precision |
Device | Abbott Laboratories | $19.84 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| VYNDAMAX Normalized: vyndamax |
Drug | PFIZER INC. | $17.39 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| Kerendia Normalized: kerendia |
Drug | Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. | $17.29 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| REPATHA Normalized: repatha |
Biological | Amgen Inc. | $16.71 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| JOT DX Normalized: jot dx |
Device | Abbott Laboratories | $11.98 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| FARAPULSE Normalized: farapulse |
Device | Boston Scientific Corporation | $4.75 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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* Product-associated amounts are non-additive because one payment record may name more than one product.
These products were named on specific Open Payments records. A named product does not show that the payment influenced treatment or prescribing.
Public prescribing for products named in payments
| Open Payments product | Payment year | Part D brand | Part D year | Claims | Match method | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ENTRESTO entresto |
2025 | Entresto | 2024 | 116 | exact normalized | Medicare Part D |
The presence of the same drug in both datasets does not show that a payment caused or influenced a prescription.
Analysis 2 · Same-company prescribing overlap
Drugs reported in other payments from the same company that also appear in Medicare Part D
This analysis is independent from products named on this doctor’s individual payment records. A row appears only when the exact Open Payments reporting entity paid this doctor, that same reporting entity reported the drug or biological on at least 10 loaded General Payment records involving at least 2 distinct recipient NPIs, and this doctor has the same non-generic brand in public Part D data. This does not mean the company owns or manufactures the drug.
| Paying company | Payment year | Drug reported by same entity | Open Payments evidence | Part D | Claims | Beneficiaries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lilly USA, LLC Exact reporting entity; no affiliate inference |
2025 | JARDIANCE open payments reported associated product |
CMS Open Payments — General Payments 47708 supporting records · 23833 recipient NPIs · example record 1186464557 |
Jardiance · 2024 Exact normalized brand match · 1 Part D row |
45 | 15 |
| Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation Exact reporting entity; no affiliate inference |
2025 | ENTRESTO open payments reported associated product |
CMS Open Payments — General Payments 9346 supporting records · 6254 recipient NPIs · example record 1200004797 |
Entresto · 2024 Exact normalized brand match · 1 Part D row |
116 | 26 |
| PFIZER INC. Exact reporting entity; no affiliate inference |
2025 | ELIQUIS open payments reported associated product |
CMS Open Payments — General Payments 87112 supporting records · 36032 recipient NPIs · example record 1228794063 |
Eliquis · 2024 Exact normalized brand match · 1 Part D row |
1052 | 254 |
These facts do not show that a payment was for the drug, that the company owns or manufactures the drug, or that a payment caused or influenced prescribing.
Public Medicare Part D data
Provider-and-drug rows loaded for 2024
| Brand | Generic | Claims | Beneficiaries |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eliquis | Apixaban | 1052 | 254 |
| Metoprolol Succinate | Metoprolol Succinate | 569 | 170 |
| Atorvastatin Calcium | Atorvastatin Calcium | 344 | 99 |
| Metoprolol Tartrate | Metoprolol Tartrate | 282 | 89 |
| Losartan Potassium | Losartan Potassium | 241 | 68 |
| Furosemide | Furosemide | 187 | 61 |
| Xarelto | Rivaroxaban | 181 | 48 |
| Flecainide Acetate | Flecainide Acetate | 173 | 49 |
| Lisinopril | Lisinopril | 148 | 41 |
| Amiodarone Hcl | Amiodarone Hcl | 136 | 49 |
| Entresto | Sacubitril/Valsartan | 116 | 26 |
| Rosuvastatin Calcium | Rosuvastatin Calcium | 114 | 36 |
| Amlodipine Besylate | Amlodipine Besylate | 111 | 30 |
| Spironolactone | Spironolactone | 96 | 36 |
| Carvedilol | Carvedilol | 93 | 29 |
| Diltiazem 24hr Er (Cd) | Diltiazem Hcl | 84 | 27 |
| Warfarin Sodium | Warfarin Sodium | 65 | 17 |
| Simvastatin | Simvastatin | 55 | 15 |
| Dabigatran Etexilate | Dabigatran Etexilate Mesylate | 49 | suppressed |
| Clopidogrel | Clopidogrel Bisulfate | 46 | 12 |
| Ezetimibe | Ezetimibe | 46 | 12 |
| Dofetilide | Dofetilide | 45 | 13 |
| Jardiance | Empagliflozin | 45 | 15 |
| Potassium Chloride | Potassium Chloride | 37 | 15 |
| Nebivolol Hcl | Nebivolol Hcl | 36 | 11 |
| Digoxin | Digoxin | 35 | 12 |
| Sotalol | Sotalol Hcl | 32 | suppressed |
| Atenolol | Atenolol | 31 | suppressed |
| Valsartan | Valsartan | 30 | suppressed |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | Hydrochlorothiazide | 29 | suppressed |
| Triamterene-Hydrochlorothiazid | Triamterene/Hydrochlorothiazid | 29 | suppressed |
| Repatha Sureclick | Evolocumab | 27 | suppressed |
| Isosorbide Mononitrate Er | Isosorbide Mononitrate | 23 | suppressed |
| Torsemide | Torsemide | 19 | suppressed |
| Pravastatin Sodium | Pravastatin Sodium | 17 | suppressed |
| Multaq | Dronedarone Hcl | 16 | suppressed |
| Propranolol Hcl | Propranolol Hcl | 16 | suppressed |
| Diltiazem Hcl | Diltiazem Hcl | 15 | suppressed |
Timeline
Payment and prescribing data by year
Open Payments and Medicare Part D may refer to different years. They are shown separately rather than aligned as if they describe the same period.
| Year | General Payments | Main payer | Explicit products | Company overlaps | Part D coverage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $2,455.69 · 48 records | Abbott Laboratories | AFFERA MAPPING SYSTEM, AMPLATZER AMULET, ASSURITY, ATRICLIP LAA EXCLUSION SYSTEM, AVEIR, ENSITE, ENSITE PRECISION, ENTRESTO, EPI-SENSE GUIDED COAGULATION SYSTEM WITH VISITRAX, FARAPULSE, FARXIGA, GALLANT, General - Tachy, General - Therapies, JOT DX, Kerendia, LEQVIO, MICRA, Optimizer, REPATHA, TACTICATH ABLATION CATHETER, SENSOR ENABLED, VYNDAMAX, VYNDAQEL, WATCHMAN, WATCHMAN Access System, ZEPBOUND | 3 | — |
| 2024 | — | — | — | — | Complete |
Questions to ask
Questions you could discuss with your doctor
- What role, if any, does Entresto play in your treatment recommendations for me?
- How do you evaluate evidence when you have a financial relationship with Lilly USA, LLC?
- Are there reasonable alternatives I should understand when we discuss treatment options?
- How should I interpret the industry-payment records shown here in the context of my care?
These are general questions generated from reviewed templates. They are not personalized medical advice.
Sources and limitations
How to read this page
- Payment and Medicare prescribing data can cover different years; every comparison shows both years explicitly.
- Part D does not represent a doctor’s entire practice; it excludes many patients and is subject to CMS public-release thresholds.
- Company–drug relationships must have an auditable source, a precise relationship type, and a valid evidence period. Unresolved mappings are not published.
- Generic drug claims are not attributed to a specific manufacturer without manufacturer-level evidence.
- When a source extract is incomplete, missing rows are never treated as proof of no payments or no prescriptions.
Loaded source releases
| Dataset | Year | Publication | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| CMS Open Payments — General Payments | 2025 | 2026-06-30 | Original source |
| Medicare Part D Prescribers by Provider and Drug | 2024 | 2026-05-06 | Original source |
| NPPES Data Dissemination V2 | current / reference data | 2026-08-10 | Original source |
Full methodology · Questions & answers · Report a possible error