Payment overview · 2025
General Payments
$271.12
14 reported records · 10 companies
Healthcare provider profile · identity verified
John P Kowalski, M.D.
Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Family Medicine · RICHMOND, VA · NPI 1285632497
Verified facts
What the public records show
CMS Open Payments records show John P Kowalski, M.D. received $271.12 in general payments during 2025 across 14 reported records.
Novo Nordisk Inc accounted for 23.7% of that reported general-payment amount.
The Open Payments records used for this analysis explicitly named 13 associated products.
A separate comparison found the same explicitly named product in public Medicare Part D data: Ozempic.
ABBVIE INC. reported payments to this doctor in 2025. Across the 2025 Open Payments General Payment records loaded for this analysis, that same reporting entity reported LINZESS as an associated drug or biological on 87954 records involving 21815 distinct recipient NPIs. Public Medicare Part D data also shows 14 claims for Linzess by this doctor in 2024.
ABBVIE INC. reported payments to this doctor in 2025. Across the 2025 Open Payments General Payment records loaded for this analysis, that same reporting entity reported SYNTHROID as an associated drug or biological on 10655 records involving 4881 distinct recipient NPIs. Public Medicare Part D data also shows 30 claims for Synthroid by this doctor in 2024.
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP reported payments to this doctor in 2025. Across the 2025 Open Payments General Payment records loaded for this analysis, that same reporting entity reported FARXIGA as an associated drug or biological on 106133 records involving 42906 distinct recipient NPIs. Public Medicare Part D data also shows 27 claims for Farxiga by this doctor in 2024.
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP reported payments to this doctor in 2025. Across the 2025 Open Payments General Payment records loaded for this analysis, that same reporting entity reported SYMBICORT as an associated drug or biological on 71 records involving 51 distinct recipient NPIs. Public Medicare Part D data also shows 16 claims for Symbicort by this doctor in 2024.
Novo Nordisk Inc reported payments to this doctor in 2025. Across the 2025 Open Payments General Payment records loaded for this analysis, that same reporting entity reported Ozempic as an associated drug or biological on 261625 records involving 77793 distinct recipient NPIs. Public Medicare Part D data also shows 26 claims for Ozempic by this doctor in 2024.
These records do not establish that a payment influenced prescribing or medical care.
Separate record types
Research & Ownership
Research Payments (direct recipient): not present in the loaded data
Associated Research Funding (for example, named PI): not present in the loaded data
Ownership / Investment: not present in the loaded data
These categories are never added into the General Payments headline. Associated research funding must not be described as money the doctor personally received unless the source record supports that conclusion.
Who paid this doctor?
Companies in 2025 General Payments
| Reported company | Canonical company | Amount | Share | Records | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Novo Nordisk Inc | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $64.16 | 23.7% | 3 | 2025 |
| Exact Sciences Corporation | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $36.00 | 13.3% | 2 | 2025 |
| ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $33.52 | 12.4% | 2 | 2025 |
| Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $28.39 | 10.5% | 1 | 2025 |
| Amgen Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $23.31 | 8.6% | 1 | 2025 |
| Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $20.18 | 7.4% | 1 | 2025 |
| Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $19.65 | 7.2% | 1 | 2025 |
| Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $17.87 | 6.6% | 1 | 2025 |
| ABBVIE INC. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $14.23 | 5.2% | 1 | 2025 |
| AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $13.81 | 5.1% | 1 | 2025 |
What were the payments for?
Payment categories
| Category | Amount | Records |
|---|---|---|
| Food and Beverage | $271.12 | 14 |
A meal, consulting fee, royalty, and travel payment describe different kinds of reported relationships and should not be interpreted as equivalent.
Analysis 1 · Payment-linked products
Products named in Open Payments records
| Reported product | Type | Reported company | Related amount* | Records | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cologuard Collection Kit Normalized: cologuard collection kit |
Device | Exact Sciences Corporation | $36.00 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| CAPLYTA Normalized: caplyta |
Drug | ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) | $33.52 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| CAPVAXIVE Normalized: capvaxive |
Biological | Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | $28.39 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| GARDASIL 9 Normalized: gardasil 9 |
Biological | Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | $28.39 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| KRYSTEXXA Normalized: krystexxa |
Biological | Amgen Inc. | $23.31 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| Wegovy Normalized: wegovy |
Drug | Novo Nordisk Inc | $22.66 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| EDWARDS SAPIEN 3 TRANSCATHETER HEART VALVE (THV) Normalized: edwards sapien 3 transcatheter heart valve thv |
Device | Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | $20.18 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| XIFAXAN Normalized: xifaxan |
Drug | Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC | $19.65 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| Ozempic Normalized: ozempic |
Drug | Novo Nordisk Inc | $18.38 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| Rybelsus Normalized: rybelsus |
Drug | Novo Nordisk Inc | $18.38 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| REXULTI Normalized: rexulti |
Drug | Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. | $17.87 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| QULIPTA Normalized: qulipta |
Drug | ABBVIE INC. | $14.23 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| BREZTRI Normalized: breztri |
Drug | AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP | $13.81 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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* Product-associated amounts are non-additive because one payment record may name more than one product.
These products were named on specific Open Payments records. A named product does not show that the payment influenced treatment or prescribing.
Public prescribing for products named in payments
| Open Payments product | Payment year | Part D brand | Part D year | Claims | Match method | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ozempic ozempic |
2025 | Ozempic | 2024 | 26 Beneficiary count suppressed |
exact normalized | Medicare Part D |
The presence of the same drug in both datasets does not show that a payment caused or influenced a prescription.
Analysis 2 · Same-company prescribing overlap
Drugs reported in other payments from the same company that also appear in Medicare Part D
This analysis is independent from products named on this doctor’s individual payment records. A row appears only when the exact Open Payments reporting entity paid this doctor, that same reporting entity reported the drug or biological on at least 10 loaded General Payment records involving at least 2 distinct recipient NPIs, and this doctor has the same non-generic brand in public Part D data. This does not mean the company owns or manufactures the drug.
| Paying company | Payment year | Drug reported by same entity | Open Payments evidence | Part D | Claims | Beneficiaries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABBVIE INC. Exact reporting entity; no affiliate inference |
2025 | LINZESS open payments reported associated product |
CMS Open Payments — General Payments 87954 supporting records · 21815 recipient NPIs · example record 1201352608 |
Linzess · 2024 Exact normalized brand match · 1 Part D row |
14 | suppressed by CMS |
| ABBVIE INC. Exact reporting entity; no affiliate inference |
2025 | SYNTHROID open payments reported associated product |
CMS Open Payments — General Payments 10655 supporting records · 4881 recipient NPIs · example record 1201352636 |
Synthroid · 2024 Exact normalized brand match · 1 Part D row |
30 | suppressed by CMS |
| AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP Exact reporting entity; no affiliate inference |
2025 | FARXIGA open payments reported associated product |
CMS Open Payments — General Payments 106133 supporting records · 42906 recipient NPIs · example record 1206131362 |
Farxiga · 2024 Exact normalized brand match · 1 Part D row |
27 | suppressed by CMS |
| AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP Exact reporting entity; no affiliate inference |
2025 | SYMBICORT open payments reported associated product |
CMS Open Payments — General Payments 71 supporting records · 51 recipient NPIs · example record 1206132610 |
Symbicort · 2024 Exact normalized brand match · 1 Part D row |
16 | suppressed by CMS |
| Novo Nordisk Inc Exact reporting entity; no affiliate inference |
2025 | Ozempic open payments reported associated product |
CMS Open Payments — General Payments 261625 supporting records · 77793 recipient NPIs · example record 1188130076 |
Ozempic · 2024 Exact normalized brand match · 1 Part D row |
26 | suppressed by CMS |
These facts do not show that a payment was for the drug, that the company owns or manufactures the drug, or that a payment caused or influenced prescribing.
Public Medicare Part D data
Provider-and-drug rows loaded for 2024
| Brand | Generic | Claims | Beneficiaries |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atorvastatin Calcium | Atorvastatin Calcium | 388 | 116 |
| Amlodipine Besylate | Amlodipine Besylate | 359 | 111 |
| Lisinopril | Lisinopril | 271 | 76 |
| Alprazolam | Alprazolam | 258 | 36 |
| Levothyroxine Sodium | Levothyroxine Sodium | 256 | 64 |
| Pravastatin Sodium | Pravastatin Sodium | 231 | 62 |
| Oxycodone-Acetaminophen | Oxycodone Hcl/Acetaminophen | 226 | 27 |
| Oxycodone Hcl | Oxycodone Hcl | 200 | 20 |
| Losartan Potassium | Losartan Potassium | 198 | 56 |
| Lorazepam | Lorazepam | 179 | 35 |
| Metformin Hcl | Metformin Hcl | 169 | 46 |
| Rosuvastatin Calcium | Rosuvastatin Calcium | 168 | 50 |
| Albuterol Sulfate Hfa | Albuterol Sulfate | 159 | 44 |
| Zolpidem Tartrate | Zolpidem Tartrate | 159 | 31 |
| Omeprazole | Omeprazole | 158 | 41 |
| Gabapentin | Gabapentin | 153 | 45 |
| Metoprolol Succinate | Metoprolol Succinate | 140 | 38 |
| Furosemide | Furosemide | 136 | 42 |
| Escitalopram Oxalate | Escitalopram Oxalate | 135 | 45 |
| Pantoprazole Sodium | Pantoprazole Sodium | 135 | 37 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | Hydrochlorothiazide | 133 | 34 |
| Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen | Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen | 123 | 19 |
| Trazodone Hcl | Trazodone Hcl | 123 | 29 |
| Simvastatin | Simvastatin | 122 | 30 |
| Ezetimibe | Ezetimibe | 108 | 35 |
| Tamsulosin Hcl | Tamsulosin Hcl | 104 | 31 |
| Fluticasone Propionate | Fluticasone Propionate | 89 | 29 |
| Metformin Hcl Er | Metformin Hcl | 89 | 26 |
| Potassium Chloride | Potassium Chloride | 87 | 28 |
| Metoprolol Tartrate | Metoprolol Tartrate | 86 | 26 |
| Eliquis | Apixaban | 82 | 17 |
| Glimepiride | Glimepiride | 79 | 21 |
| Diazepam | Diazepam | 73 | 12 |
| Allopurinol | Allopurinol | 71 | 20 |
| Cyclobenzaprine Hcl | Cyclobenzaprine Hcl | 70 | 22 |
| Duloxetine Hcl | Duloxetine Hcl | 68 | 16 |
| Prednisone | Prednisone | 66 | 28 |
| Montelukast Sodium | Montelukast Sodium | 64 | 20 |
| Clonazepam | Clonazepam | 63 | suppressed |
| Buspirone Hcl | Buspirone Hcl | 61 | suppressed |
| Sertraline Hcl | Sertraline Hcl | 60 | 15 |
| Fluoxetine Hcl | Fluoxetine Hcl | 59 | 16 |
| Carvedilol | Carvedilol | 58 | 15 |
| Tizanidine Hcl | Tizanidine Hcl | 56 | 24 |
| Triamcinolone Acetonide | Triamcinolone Acetonide | 55 | 27 |
| Azithromycin | Azithromycin | 52 | 42 |
| Clopidogrel | Clopidogrel Bisulfate | 52 | 17 |
| Bupropion Xl | Bupropion Hcl | 50 | 13 |
| Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine | Dextroamphetamine/Amphetamine | 50 | suppressed |
| Glipizide | Glipizide | 50 | suppressed |
| Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim | Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim | 47 | 23 |
| Mirtazapine | Mirtazapine | 46 | 11 |
| Meloxicam | Meloxicam | 42 | 14 |
| Lantus Solostar | Insulin Glargine,hum.Rec.Anlog | 41 | suppressed |
| Citalopram Hbr | Citalopram Hydrobromide | 39 | 12 |
| Tramadol Hcl | Tramadol Hcl | 39 | suppressed |
| Hydrocortisone | Hydrocortisone | 38 | 12 |
| Amitriptyline Hcl | Amitriptyline Hcl | 37 | suppressed |
| Irbesartan | Irbesartan | 36 | suppressed |
| Chlorthalidone | Chlorthalidone | 35 | suppressed |
| Lovastatin | Lovastatin | 35 | suppressed |
| Amoxicillin | Amoxicillin | 34 | 22 |
| Methylprednisolone | Methylprednisolone | 33 | 20 |
| Levetiracetam | Levetiracetam | 32 | suppressed |
| Mupirocin | Mupirocin | 32 | 22 |
| Jardiance | Empagliflozin | 31 | suppressed |
| Lisinopril-Hydrochlorothiazide | Lisinopril/Hydrochlorothiazide | 31 | suppressed |
| Atenolol | Atenolol | 30 | suppressed |
| Famotidine | Famotidine | 30 | suppressed |
| Hydralazine Hcl | Hydralazine Hcl | 30 | suppressed |
| Synthroid | Levothyroxine Sodium | 30 | suppressed |
| Bumetanide | Bumetanide | 29 | suppressed |
| Donepezil Hcl | Donepezil Hcl | 29 | suppressed |
| Finasteride | Finasteride | 29 | suppressed |
| Butalbital-Acetaminophen-Caffe | Butalb/Acetaminophen/Caffeine | 28 | suppressed |
| Hydroxyzine Hcl | Hydroxyzine Hcl | 28 | suppressed |
| Warfarin Sodium | Warfarin Sodium | 28 | suppressed |
| Farxiga | Dapagliflozin Propanediol | 27 | suppressed |
| Valsartan-Hydrochlorothiazide | Valsartan/Hydrochlorothiazide | 27 | suppressed |
| Olmesartan Medoxomil | Olmesartan Medoxomil | 26 | suppressed |
| Ozempic | Semaglutide | 26 | suppressed |
| Pregabalin | Pregabalin | 26 | suppressed |
| Ciprofloxacin Hcl | Ciprofloxacin Hcl | 25 | 17 |
| Cephalexin | Cephalexin | 24 | 14 |
| Doxycycline Hyclate | Doxycycline Hyclate | 24 | 14 |
| Ventolin Hfa | Albuterol Sulfate | 24 | suppressed |
| Alendronate Sodium | Alendronate Sodium | 23 | suppressed |
| Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Potass | Amoxicillin/Potassium Clav | 23 | 13 |
| Trelegy Ellipta | Fluticasone/Umeclidin/Vilanter | 23 | suppressed |
| Valacyclovir | Valacyclovir Hcl | 23 | suppressed |
| Venlafaxine Hcl Er | Venlafaxine Hcl | 23 | suppressed |
| Dicyclomine Hcl | Dicyclomine Hcl | 22 | suppressed |
| Ibuprofen | Ibuprofen | 22 | suppressed |
| Promethazine Hcl | Promethazine Hcl | 22 | suppressed |
| Risperidone | Risperidone | 22 | suppressed |
| Fenofibrate | Fenofibrate Nanocrystallized | 21 | suppressed |
| Ketoconazole | Ketoconazole | 21 | suppressed |
| Nystatin | Nystatin | 21 | 13 |
| Toujeo Solostar | Insulin Glargine,hum.Rec.Anlog | 21 | suppressed |
| Diclofenac Sodium | Diclofenac Sodium | 20 | 11 |
| Nano 2nd Gen Pen Needle | Pen Needle, Diabetic | 20 | suppressed |
| Spironolactone | Spironolactone | 20 | suppressed |
| Bisoprolol Fumarate | Bisoprolol Fumarate | 19 | suppressed |
| Clonidine Hcl | Clonidine Hcl | 19 | suppressed |
| Fluticasone-Salmeterol | Fluticasone Propion/Salmeterol | 19 | suppressed |
| Zolpidem Tartrate Er | Zolpidem Tartrate | 19 | suppressed |
| Dexamethasone | Dexamethasone | 17 | 16 |
| Fenofibrate | Fenofibrate | 17 | suppressed |
| Benazepril Hcl | Benazepril Hcl | 16 | suppressed |
| Primidone | Primidone | 16 | suppressed |
| Symbicort | Budesonide/Formoterol Fumarate | 16 | suppressed |
| Rizatriptan | Rizatriptan Benzoate | 15 | suppressed |
| Ropinirole Hcl | Ropinirole Hcl | 15 | suppressed |
| Valsartan | Valsartan | 15 | suppressed |
| Aripiprazole | Aripiprazole | 14 | suppressed |
| Budesonide-Formoterol Fumarate | Budesonide/Formoterol Fumarate | 14 | suppressed |
| Fluconazole | Fluconazole | 14 | suppressed |
| Indapamide | Indapamide | 14 | suppressed |
| Linzess | Linaclotide | 14 | suppressed |
| Meclizine Hcl | Meclizine Hcl | 14 | suppressed |
| Ondansetron Odt | Ondansetron | 14 | suppressed |
| Belsomra | Suvorexant | 13 | suppressed |
| Diltiazem 24hr Er (Cd) | Diltiazem Hcl | 13 | suppressed |
| Dropsafe Prep Pads | Alcohol Antiseptic Pads | 13 | suppressed |
| Ibu | Ibuprofen | 13 | suppressed |
| Januvia | Sitagliptin Phosphate | 13 | suppressed |
| Oxcarbazepine | Oxcarbazepine | 13 | suppressed |
| Spiriva Handihaler | Tiotropium Bromide | 13 | suppressed |
| Sumatriptan Succinate | Sumatriptan Succinate | 13 | suppressed |
| Topiramate | Topiramate | 13 | suppressed |
| Humalog Kwikpen U-200 | Insulin Lispro | 12 | suppressed |
| Humulin N | Insulin Nph Human Isophane | 12 | suppressed |
| Methadone Hcl | Methadone Hcl | 12 | suppressed |
| Morphine Sulfate Er | Morphine Sulfate | 12 | suppressed |
| Nebivolol Hcl | Nebivolol Hcl | 12 | suppressed |
| Pioglitazone Hcl | Pioglitazone Hcl | 12 | suppressed |
| Propranolol Hcl | Propranolol Hcl | 12 | suppressed |
| Stiolto Respimat | Tiotropium Br/Olodaterol Hcl | 12 | suppressed |
| Vascepa | Icosapent Ethyl | 12 | suppressed |
| Bupropion Hcl Sr | Bupropion Hcl | 11 | suppressed |
| Carisoprodol | Carisoprodol | 11 | suppressed |
| Combivent Respimat | Ipratropium/Albuterol Sulfate | 11 | suppressed |
| Doxazosin Mesylate | Doxazosin Mesylate | 11 | suppressed |
| Hydromorphone Hcl | Hydromorphone Hcl | 11 | suppressed |
| Lamotrigine | Lamotrigine | 11 | suppressed |
| Naproxen | Naproxen | 11 | suppressed |
| Nortriptyline Hcl | Nortriptyline Hcl | 11 | suppressed |
Timeline
Payment and prescribing data by year
Open Payments and Medicare Part D may refer to different years. They are shown separately rather than aligned as if they describe the same period.
| Year | General Payments | Main payer | Explicit products | Company overlaps | Part D coverage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $271.12 · 14 records | Novo Nordisk Inc | BREZTRI, CAPLYTA, CAPVAXIVE, Cologuard Collection Kit, EDWARDS SAPIEN 3 TRANSCATHETER HEART VALVE (THV), GARDASIL 9, KRYSTEXXA, Ozempic, QULIPTA, REXULTI, Rybelsus, Wegovy, XIFAXAN | 5 | — |
| 2024 | — | — | — | — | Complete |
Questions to ask
Questions you could discuss with your doctor
- What role, if any, does Ozempic play in your treatment recommendations for me?
- How do you evaluate evidence when you have a financial relationship with ABBVIE INC.?
- Are there reasonable alternatives I should understand when we discuss treatment options?
- How should I interpret the industry-payment records shown here in the context of my care?
These are general questions generated from reviewed templates. They are not personalized medical advice.
Sources and limitations
How to read this page
- Payment and Medicare prescribing data can cover different years; every comparison shows both years explicitly.
- Part D does not represent a doctor’s entire practice; it excludes many patients and is subject to CMS public-release thresholds.
- Company–drug relationships must have an auditable source, a precise relationship type, and a valid evidence period. Unresolved mappings are not published.
- Generic drug claims are not attributed to a specific manufacturer without manufacturer-level evidence.
- When a source extract is incomplete, missing rows are never treated as proof of no payments or no prescriptions.
Loaded source releases
| Dataset | Year | Publication | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| CMS Open Payments — General Payments | 2025 | 2026-06-30 | Original source |
| Medicare Part D Prescribers by Provider and Drug | 2024 | 2026-05-06 | Original source |
| NPPES Data Dissemination V2 | current / reference data | 2026-08-10 | Original source |
Full methodology · Questions & answers · Report a possible error