Payment overview · 2025
General Payments
$171.99
8 reported records · 6 companies
Healthcare provider profile · identity verified
Michael K Kuo
Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation|Pain Medicine · LEESBURG, VA · NPI 1427057686
Verified facts
What the public records show
CMS Open Payments records show Michael K Kuo received $171.99 in general payments during 2025 across 8 reported records.
ABBVIE INC. accounted for 51.4% of that reported general-payment amount.
The Open Payments records used for this analysis explicitly named 8 associated products.
A separate comparison found the same explicitly named product in public Medicare Part D data: Relistor.
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC reported payments to this doctor in 2025. Across the 2025 Open Payments General Payment records loaded for this analysis, that same reporting entity reported RELISTOR as an associated drug or biological on 23206 records involving 6246 distinct recipient NPIs. Public Medicare Part D data also shows 15 claims for Relistor by this doctor in 2024.
These records do not establish that a payment influenced prescribing or medical care.
Separate record types
Research & Ownership
Research Payments (direct recipient): not present in the loaded data
Associated Research Funding (for example, named PI): not present in the loaded data
Ownership / Investment: not present in the loaded data
These categories are never added into the General Payments headline. Associated research funding must not be described as money the doctor personally received unless the source record supports that conclusion.
Who paid this doctor?
Companies in 2025 General Payments
| Reported company | Canonical company | Amount | Share | Records | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABBVIE INC. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $88.33 | 51.4% | 3 | 2025 |
| VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $21.74 | 12.6% | 1 | 2025 |
| Boston Scientific Corporation | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $18.75 | 10.9% | 1 | 2025 |
| Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $14.84 | 8.6% | 1 | 2025 |
| DePuy Synthes Sales Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $14.20 | 8.3% | 1 | 2025 |
| SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $14.13 | 8.2% | 1 | 2025 |
What were the payments for?
Payment categories
| Category | Amount | Records |
|---|---|---|
| Food and Beverage | $171.99 | 8 |
A meal, consulting fee, royalty, and travel payment describe different kinds of reported relationships and should not be interpreted as equivalent.
Analysis 1 · Payment-linked products
Products named in Open Payments records
| Reported product | Type | Reported company | Related amount* | Records | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QULIPTA Normalized: qulipta |
Drug | ABBVIE INC. | $88.33 | 3 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| UBRELVY Normalized: ubrelvy |
Drug | ABBVIE INC. | $59.66 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| JOURNAVX Normalized: journavx |
Drug | VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED | $21.74 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| General - Therapies Normalized: general therapies |
Device | Boston Scientific Corporation | $18.75 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| RELISTOR Normalized: relistor |
Drug | Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC | $14.84 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| MONOVISC Normalized: monovisc |
Device | DePuy Synthes Sales Inc. | $14.20 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| ORTHOVISC Normalized: orthovisc |
Device | DePuy Synthes Sales Inc. | $14.20 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| ZTLido Normalized: ztlido |
Drug | SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC. | $14.13 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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* Product-associated amounts are non-additive because one payment record may name more than one product.
These products were named on specific Open Payments records. A named product does not show that the payment influenced treatment or prescribing.
Public prescribing for products named in payments
| Open Payments product | Payment year | Part D brand | Part D year | Claims | Match method | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RELISTOR relistor |
2025 | Relistor | 2024 | 15 Beneficiary count suppressed |
exact normalized | Medicare Part D |
The presence of the same drug in both datasets does not show that a payment caused or influenced a prescription.
Analysis 2 · Same-company prescribing overlap
Drugs reported in other payments from the same company that also appear in Medicare Part D
This analysis is independent from products named on this doctor’s individual payment records. A row appears only when the exact Open Payments reporting entity paid this doctor, that same reporting entity reported the drug or biological on at least 10 loaded General Payment records involving at least 2 distinct recipient NPIs, and this doctor has the same non-generic brand in public Part D data. This does not mean the company owns or manufactures the drug.
| Paying company | Payment year | Drug reported by same entity | Open Payments evidence | Part D | Claims | Beneficiaries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC Exact reporting entity; no affiliate inference |
2025 | RELISTOR open payments reported associated product |
CMS Open Payments — General Payments 23206 supporting records · 6246 recipient NPIs · example record 1231775437 |
Relistor · 2024 Exact normalized brand match · 1 Part D row |
15 | suppressed by CMS |
These facts do not show that a payment was for the drug, that the company owns or manufactures the drug, or that a payment caused or influenced prescribing.
Public Medicare Part D data
Provider-and-drug rows loaded for 2024
| Brand | Generic | Claims | Beneficiaries |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gabapentin | Gabapentin | 491 | 141 |
| Tramadol Hcl | Tramadol Hcl | 384 | 121 |
| Oxycodone-Acetaminophen | Oxycodone Hcl/Acetaminophen | 240 | 55 |
| Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen | Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen | 213 | 54 |
| Oxycodone Hcl | Oxycodone Hcl | 188 | 35 |
| Prednisone | Prednisone | 119 | 86 |
| Trazodone Hcl | Trazodone Hcl | 89 | 19 |
| Pregabalin | Pregabalin | 84 | 30 |
| Cyclobenzaprine Hcl | Cyclobenzaprine Hcl | 68 | 16 |
| Duloxetine Hcl | Duloxetine Hcl | 64 | 17 |
| Hydromorphone Hcl | Hydromorphone Hcl | 59 | 15 |
| Celecoxib | Celecoxib | 58 | 21 |
| Diazepam | Diazepam | 56 | suppressed |
| Oxycontin | Oxycodone Hcl | 50 | suppressed |
| Zolpidem Tartrate | Zolpidem Tartrate | 46 | suppressed |
| Tizanidine Hcl | Tizanidine Hcl | 45 | 12 |
| Fentanyl | Fentanyl | 43 | suppressed |
| Methylprednisolone | Methylprednisolone | 43 | 33 |
| Morphine Sulfate Er | Morphine Sulfate | 36 | suppressed |
| Diclofenac Sodium | Diclofenac Sodium | 35 | suppressed |
| Lidocaine | Lidocaine | 34 | suppressed |
| Meloxicam | Meloxicam | 30 | suppressed |
| Acetaminophen-Codeine | Acetaminophen With Codeine | 21 | suppressed |
| Carisoprodol | Carisoprodol | 19 | suppressed |
| Ondansetron Odt | Ondansetron | 17 | suppressed |
| Alendronate Sodium | Alendronate Sodium | 15 | suppressed |
| Methocarbamol | Methocarbamol | 15 | suppressed |
| Relistor | Methylnaltrexone Bromide | 15 | suppressed |
| Hysingla Er | Hydrocodone Bitartrate | 14 | suppressed |
| Ibuprofen | Ibuprofen | 14 | suppressed |
| Morphine Sulfate | Morphine Sulfate | 14 | suppressed |
| Promethazine Hcl | Promethazine Hcl | 14 | suppressed |
| Ropinirole Hcl | Ropinirole Hcl | 14 | suppressed |
| Belbuca | Buprenorphine Hcl | 13 | suppressed |
| Eszopiclone | Eszopiclone | 13 | suppressed |
| Butalbital-Acetaminophen-Caffe | Butalb/Acetaminophen/Caffeine | 12 | suppressed |
| Hydroxyzine Hcl | Hydroxyzine Hcl | 12 | suppressed |
| Percocet | Oxycodone Hcl/Acetaminophen | 12 | suppressed |
| Ondansetron Hcl | Ondansetron Hcl | 11 | suppressed |
| Topiramate | Topiramate | 11 | suppressed |
Timeline
Payment and prescribing data by year
Open Payments and Medicare Part D may refer to different years. They are shown separately rather than aligned as if they describe the same period.
| Year | General Payments | Main payer | Explicit products | Company overlaps | Part D coverage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $171.99 · 8 records | ABBVIE INC. | General - Therapies, JOURNAVX, MONOVISC, ORTHOVISC, QULIPTA, RELISTOR, UBRELVY, ZTLido | 1 | — |
| 2024 | — | — | — | — | Complete |
Questions to ask
Questions you could discuss with your doctor
- What role, if any, does Relistor play in your treatment recommendations for me?
- How do you evaluate evidence when you have a financial relationship with Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC?
- Are there reasonable alternatives I should understand when we discuss treatment options?
- How should I interpret the industry-payment records shown here in the context of my care?
These are general questions generated from reviewed templates. They are not personalized medical advice.
Sources and limitations
How to read this page
- Payment and Medicare prescribing data can cover different years; every comparison shows both years explicitly.
- Part D does not represent a doctor’s entire practice; it excludes many patients and is subject to CMS public-release thresholds.
- Company–drug relationships must have an auditable source, a precise relationship type, and a valid evidence period. Unresolved mappings are not published.
- Generic drug claims are not attributed to a specific manufacturer without manufacturer-level evidence.
- When a source extract is incomplete, missing rows are never treated as proof of no payments or no prescriptions.
Loaded source releases
| Dataset | Year | Publication | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| CMS Open Payments — General Payments | 2025 | 2026-06-30 | Original source |
| Medicare Part D Prescribers by Provider and Drug | 2024 | 2026-05-06 | Original source |
| NPPES Data Dissemination V2 | current / reference data | 2026-08-10 | Original source |
Full methodology · Questions & answers · Report a possible error