Payment overview · 2025
General Payments
$1,498.59
63 reported records · 18 companies
Healthcare provider profile · identity verified
Choo S Lee, M.D.
Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Psychiatry & Neurology|Neurology · SONORA, CA · NPI 1649271818
Verified facts
What the public records show
CMS Open Payments records show Choo S Lee, M.D. received $1,498.59 in general payments during 2025 across 63 reported records.
Eisai Inc. accounted for 15.0% of that reported general-payment amount.
The Open Payments records used for this analysis explicitly named 23 associated products.
A separate comparison found the same explicitly named product in public Medicare Part D data: Gamunex-C, Nurtec Odt, Vumerity.
Biogen, Inc. reported payments to this doctor in 2025. Across the 2025 Open Payments General Payment records loaded for this analysis, that same reporting entity reported TECFIDERA as an associated drug or biological on 28 records involving 22 distinct recipient NPIs. Public Medicare Part D data also shows 11 claims for Tecfidera by this doctor in 2024.
Biogen, Inc. reported payments to this doctor in 2025. Across the 2025 Open Payments General Payment records loaded for this analysis, that same reporting entity reported VUMERITY as an associated drug or biological on 16193 records involving 4044 distinct recipient NPIs. Public Medicare Part D data also shows 17 claims for Vumerity by this doctor in 2024.
Grifols USA, LLC reported payments to this doctor in 2025. Across the 2025 Open Payments General Payment records loaded for this analysis, that same reporting entity reported Gamunex-C as an associated drug or biological on 3977 records involving 2134 distinct recipient NPIs. Public Medicare Part D data also shows 18 claims for Gamunex-C by this doctor in 2024.
PFIZER INC. reported payments to this doctor in 2025. Across the 2025 Open Payments General Payment records loaded for this analysis, that same reporting entity reported NURTEC ODT as an associated drug or biological on 217574 records involving 54025 distinct recipient NPIs. Public Medicare Part D data also shows 21 claims for Nurtec Odt by this doctor in 2024.
These records do not establish that a payment influenced prescribing or medical care.
Separate record types
Research & Ownership
Research Payments (direct recipient): not present in the loaded data
Associated Research Funding (for example, named PI): not present in the loaded data
Ownership / Investment: not present in the loaded data
These categories are never added into the General Payments headline. Associated research funding must not be described as money the doctor personally received unless the source record supports that conclusion.
Who paid this doctor?
Companies in 2025 General Payments
| Reported company | Canonical company | Amount | Share | Records | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eisai Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $224.37 | 15.0% | 9 | 2025 |
| Biogen, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $221.27 | 14.8% | 14 | 2025 |
| Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $165.53 | 11.1% | 5 | 2025 |
| PFIZER INC. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $144.23 | 9.6% | 9 | 2025 |
| EMD Serono, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $142.72 | 9.5% | 3 | 2025 |
| ARGENX US, INC. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $82.97 | 5.5% | 3 | 2025 |
| Lilly USA, LLC | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $80.57 | 5.4% | 3 | 2025 |
| UCB, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $72.56 | 4.8% | 3 | 2025 |
| Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $59.14 | 4.0% | 2 | 2025 |
| Genentech USA, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $54.81 | 3.7% | 2 | 2025 |
| ABBVIE INC. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $52.41 | 3.5% | 2 | 2025 |
| Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $48.00 | 3.2% | 2 | 2025 |
| Neurocrine BioSciences, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $30.42 | 2.0% | 1 | 2025 |
| AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $30.01 | 2.0% | 1 | 2025 |
| Grifols USA, LLC | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $27.23 | 1.8% | 1 | 2025 |
| Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $26.83 | 1.8% | 1 | 2025 |
| Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $21.42 | 1.4% | 1 | 2025 |
| Celgene Corporation | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $14.10 | 0.9% | 1 | 2025 |
What were the payments for?
Payment categories
| Category | Amount | Records |
|---|---|---|
| Food and Beverage | $1,498.59 | 63 |
A meal, consulting fee, royalty, and travel payment describe different kinds of reported relationships and should not be interpreted as equivalent.
Analysis 1 · Payment-linked products
Products named in Open Payments records
| Reported product | Type | Reported company | Related amount* | Records | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEQEMBI Normalized: leqembi |
Drug | Biogen, Inc., Eisai Inc. | $318.99 | 13 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| ULTOMIRIS Normalized: ultomiris |
Biological | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | $165.53 | 5 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| NURTEC ODT Normalized: nurtec odt |
Drug | PFIZER INC. | $144.23 | 9 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| ZAVZPRET Normalized: zavzpret |
Drug | PFIZER INC. | $144.23 | 9 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| VUMERITY Normalized: vumerity |
Drug | Biogen, Inc. | $99.83 | 9 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| VYVGART HYTRULO Normalized: vyvgart hytrulo |
Drug | ARGENX US, INC. | $82.97 | 3 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| KISUNLA Normalized: kisunla |
Drug | Lilly USA, LLC | $80.57 | 3 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| TYSABRI Normalized: tysabri |
Biological | Biogen, Inc. | $67.56 | 6 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| FANAPT Normalized: fanapt |
Drug | Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. | $59.14 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| HETLIOZ Normalized: hetlioz |
Drug | Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. | $59.14 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| VYVGART Normalized: vyvgart |
Drug | ARGENX US, INC. | $59.05 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| Ocrevus Zunovo Normalized: ocrevus zunovo |
Biological | Genentech USA, Inc. | $54.81 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| Briviact Normalized: briviact |
Drug | UCB, Inc. | $53.59 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| QULIPTA Normalized: qulipta |
Drug | ABBVIE INC. | $52.41 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| UBRELVY Normalized: ubrelvy |
Drug | ABBVIE INC. | $52.41 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| KESIMPTA Normalized: kesimpta |
Drug | Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation | $48.00 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| INGREZZA Normalized: ingrezza |
Drug | Neurocrine BioSciences, Inc. | $30.42 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| WAINUA Normalized: wainua |
Drug | AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP | $30.01 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| Gamunex-C Normalized: gamunex c |
Biological | Grifols USA, LLC | $27.23 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| REXULTI Normalized: rexulti |
Drug | Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. | $26.83 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| SKYCLARYS Normalized: skyclarys |
Drug | Biogen, Inc. | $26.82 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| Nayzilam Normalized: nayzilam |
Drug | UCB, Inc. | $18.97 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| ZEPOSIA Normalized: zeposia |
Drug | Celgene Corporation | $14.10 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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* Product-associated amounts are non-additive because one payment record may name more than one product.
These products were named on specific Open Payments records. A named product does not show that the payment influenced treatment or prescribing.
Public prescribing for products named in payments
| Open Payments product | Payment year | Part D brand | Part D year | Claims | Match method | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gamunex-C gamunex c |
2025 | Gamunex-C | 2024 | 18 Beneficiary count suppressed |
exact normalized | Medicare Part D |
| NURTEC ODT nurtec odt |
2025 | Nurtec Odt | 2024 | 21 Beneficiary count suppressed |
exact normalized | Medicare Part D |
| VUMERITY vumerity |
2025 | Vumerity | 2024 | 17 Beneficiary count suppressed |
exact normalized | Medicare Part D |
The presence of the same drug in both datasets does not show that a payment caused or influenced a prescription.
Analysis 2 · Same-company prescribing overlap
Drugs reported in other payments from the same company that also appear in Medicare Part D
This analysis is independent from products named on this doctor’s individual payment records. A row appears only when the exact Open Payments reporting entity paid this doctor, that same reporting entity reported the drug or biological on at least 10 loaded General Payment records involving at least 2 distinct recipient NPIs, and this doctor has the same non-generic brand in public Part D data. This does not mean the company owns or manufactures the drug.
| Paying company | Payment year | Drug reported by same entity | Open Payments evidence | Part D | Claims | Beneficiaries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biogen, Inc. Exact reporting entity; no affiliate inference |
2025 | TECFIDERA open payments reported associated product |
CMS Open Payments — General Payments 28 supporting records · 22 recipient NPIs · example record 1208304358 |
Tecfidera · 2024 Exact normalized brand match · 1 Part D row |
11 | suppressed by CMS |
| Biogen, Inc. Exact reporting entity; no affiliate inference |
2025 | VUMERITY open payments reported associated product |
CMS Open Payments — General Payments 16193 supporting records · 4044 recipient NPIs · example record 1208299697 |
Vumerity · 2024 Exact normalized brand match · 1 Part D row |
17 | suppressed by CMS |
| Grifols USA, LLC Exact reporting entity; no affiliate inference |
2025 | Gamunex-C open payments reported associated product |
CMS Open Payments — General Payments 3977 supporting records · 2134 recipient NPIs · example record 1249529381 |
Gamunex-C · 2024 Exact normalized brand match · 1 Part D row |
18 | suppressed by CMS |
| PFIZER INC. Exact reporting entity; no affiliate inference |
2025 | NURTEC ODT open payments reported associated product |
CMS Open Payments — General Payments 217574 supporting records · 54025 recipient NPIs · example record 1228794063 |
Nurtec Odt · 2024 Exact normalized brand match · 1 Part D row |
21 | suppressed by CMS |
These facts do not show that a payment was for the drug, that the company owns or manufactures the drug, or that a payment caused or influenced prescribing.
Public Medicare Part D data
Provider-and-drug rows loaded for 2024
| Brand | Generic | Claims | Beneficiaries |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primidone | Primidone | 186 | 55 |
| Gabapentin | Gabapentin | 173 | 49 |
| Carbidopa-Levodopa | Carbidopa/Levodopa | 153 | 37 |
| Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen | Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen | 102 | 14 |
| Memantine Hcl | Memantine Hcl | 82 | 26 |
| Pregabalin | Pregabalin | 64 | 12 |
| Duloxetine Hcl | Duloxetine Hcl | 56 | 17 |
| Levetiracetam | Levetiracetam | 55 | 15 |
| Pramipexole Dihydrochloride | Pramipexole Di-Hcl | 50 | suppressed |
| Topiramate | Topiramate | 43 | 18 |
| Clonazepam | Clonazepam | 41 | suppressed |
| Lacosamide | Lacosamide | 38 | suppressed |
| Aimovig Autoinjector | Erenumab-Aooe | 37 | suppressed |
| Sumatriptan Succinate | Sumatriptan Succinate | 37 | 13 |
| Alprazolam | Alprazolam | 33 | suppressed |
| Lorazepam | Lorazepam | 33 | suppressed |
| Donepezil Hcl | Donepezil Hcl | 31 | 13 |
| Pyridostigmine Bromide | Pyridostigmine Bromide | 29 | suppressed |
| Divalproex Sodium Er | Divalproex Sodium | 26 | suppressed |
| Phenytoin Sodium Extended | Phenytoin Sodium Extended | 24 | suppressed |
| Oxycodone-Acetaminophen | Oxycodone Hcl/Acetaminophen | 22 | suppressed |
| Buprenorphine Hcl | Buprenorphine Hcl | 21 | suppressed |
| Nurtec Odt | Rimegepant Sulfate | 21 | suppressed |
| Phenobarbital | Phenobarbital | 19 | suppressed |
| Baclofen | Baclofen | 18 | suppressed |
| Gamunex-C | Immune Globul G/Gly/Iga Avg 46 | 18 | suppressed |
| Propranolol Hcl | Propranolol Hcl | 18 | suppressed |
| Vumerity | Diroximel Fumarate | 17 | suppressed |
| Amlodipine Besylate | Amlodipine Besylate | 16 | suppressed |
| Lamotrigine | Lamotrigine | 16 | suppressed |
| Prednisone | Prednisone | 16 | suppressed |
| Tramadol Hcl | Tramadol Hcl | 16 | suppressed |
| Diazepam | Diazepam | 15 | suppressed |
| Emgality Pen | Galcanezumab-Gnlm | 15 | suppressed |
| Amantadine | Amantadine Hcl | 13 | suppressed |
| Dilantin | Phenytoin Sodium Extended | 13 | suppressed |
| Carbidopa-Levodopa Er | Carbidopa/Levodopa | 12 | suppressed |
| Levothyroxine Sodium | Levothyroxine Sodium | 12 | suppressed |
| Rytary | Carbidopa/Levodopa | 12 | suppressed |
| Valproic Acid | Valproic Acid | 12 | suppressed |
| Carbamazepine | Carbamazepine | 11 | suppressed |
| Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine | Dextroamphetamine/Amphetamine | 11 | suppressed |
| Modafinil | Modafinil | 11 | suppressed |
| Tecfidera | Dimethyl Fumarate | 11 | suppressed |
| Teriflunomide | Teriflunomide | 11 | suppressed |
| Zolpidem Tartrate | Zolpidem Tartrate | 11 | suppressed |
Timeline
Payment and prescribing data by year
Open Payments and Medicare Part D may refer to different years. They are shown separately rather than aligned as if they describe the same period.
| Year | General Payments | Main payer | Explicit products | Company overlaps | Part D coverage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $1,498.59 · 63 records | Eisai Inc. | Briviact, FANAPT, Gamunex-C, HETLIOZ, INGREZZA, KESIMPTA, KISUNLA, LEQEMBI, NURTEC ODT, Nayzilam, Ocrevus Zunovo, QULIPTA, REXULTI, SKYCLARYS, TYSABRI, UBRELVY, ULTOMIRIS, VUMERITY, VYVGART, VYVGART HYTRULO, WAINUA, ZAVZPRET, ZEPOSIA | 4 | — |
| 2024 | — | — | — | — | Complete |
Questions to ask
Questions you could discuss with your doctor
- What role, if any, does Gamunex-C play in your treatment recommendations for me?
- How do you evaluate evidence when you have a financial relationship with Biogen, Inc.?
- Are there reasonable alternatives I should understand when we discuss treatment options?
- How should I interpret the industry-payment records shown here in the context of my care?
These are general questions generated from reviewed templates. They are not personalized medical advice.
Sources and limitations
How to read this page
- Payment and Medicare prescribing data can cover different years; every comparison shows both years explicitly.
- Part D does not represent a doctor’s entire practice; it excludes many patients and is subject to CMS public-release thresholds.
- Company–drug relationships must have an auditable source, a precise relationship type, and a valid evidence period. Unresolved mappings are not published.
- Generic drug claims are not attributed to a specific manufacturer without manufacturer-level evidence.
- When a source extract is incomplete, missing rows are never treated as proof of no payments or no prescriptions.
Loaded source releases
| Dataset | Year | Publication | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| CMS Open Payments — General Payments | 2025 | 2026-06-30 | Original source |
| Medicare Part D Prescribers by Provider and Drug | 2024 | 2026-05-06 | Original source |
| NPPES Data Dissemination V2 | current / reference data | 2026-08-10 | Original source |
Full methodology · Questions & answers · Report a possible error