Payment overview · 2025
General Payments
$28,850.72
66 reported records · 18 companies
Healthcare provider profile · identity verified
Joseph K Choo, M.D.
Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Interventional Cardiology · CINCINNATI, OH · NPI 1760468797
Verified facts
What the public records show
CMS Open Payments records show Joseph K Choo, M.D. received $28,850.72 in general payments during 2025 across 66 reported records.
Abbott Laboratories accounted for 60.1% of that reported general-payment amount.
The Open Payments records used for this analysis explicitly named 26 associated products.
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation reported payments to this doctor in 2025. Across the 2025 Open Payments General Payment records loaded for this analysis, that same reporting entity reported ENTRESTO as an associated drug or biological on 9346 records involving 6254 distinct recipient NPIs. Public Medicare Part D data also shows 72 claims for Entresto by this doctor in 2024.
These records do not establish that a payment influenced prescribing or medical care.
Separate record types
Research & Ownership
Research Payments (direct recipient): not present in the loaded data
Associated Research Funding (for example, named PI): not present in the loaded data
Ownership / Investment: not present in the loaded data
These categories are never added into the General Payments headline. Associated research funding must not be described as money the doctor personally received unless the source record supports that conclusion.
Who paid this doctor?
Companies in 2025 General Payments
| Reported company | Canonical company | Amount | Share | Records | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbott Laboratories | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $17,343.35 | 60.1% | 12 | 2025 |
| Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $8,921.99 | 30.9% | 22 | 2025 |
| Medtronic, Inc. |
Medtronic, Inc. exact · evidence 2025-07-22 |
$531.88 | 1.8% | 8 | 2025 |
| ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp) | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $413.03 | 1.4% | 4 | 2025 |
| ENDOTRONIX, INC. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $298.52 | 1.0% | 1 | 2025 |
| Recor Medical Inc | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $251.94 | 0.9% | 3 | 2025 |
| ASAHI INTECC USA, INC. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $145.00 | 0.5% | 1 | 2025 |
| Shockwave Medical, Inc | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $140.40 | 0.5% | 3 | 2025 |
| Boston Scientific Corporation | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $135.35 | 0.5% | 2 | 2025 |
| CVRx, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $128.64 | 0.5% | 1 | 2025 |
| BridgeBio Pharma, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $125.00 | 0.4% | 1 | 2025 |
| Ancora Heart, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $114.52 | 0.4% | 1 | 2025 |
| Philips North America LLC | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $91.48 | 0.3% | 2 | 2025 |
| Penumbra, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $91.06 | 0.3% | 1 | 2025 |
| Reflow Medical Inc | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $58.17 | 0.2% | 1 | 2025 |
| Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $24.33 | 0.1% | 1 | 2025 |
| HEARTFLOW, INC. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $22.11 | 0.1% | 1 | 2025 |
| AngioDynamics, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $13.95 | 0.1% | 1 | 2025 |
What were the payments for?
Payment categories
| Category | Amount | Records |
|---|---|---|
| Consulting Fee | $19,750.00 | 4 |
| Food and Beverage | $4,602.27 | 53 |
| Travel and Lodging | $4,498.45 | 9 |
A meal, consulting fee, royalty, and travel payment describe different kinds of reported relationships and should not be interpreted as equivalent.
Analysis 1 · Payment-linked products
Products named in Open Payments records
| Reported product | Type | Reported company | Related amount* | Records | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MITRACLIP Normalized: mitraclip |
Device | Abbott Laboratories | $12,481.81 | 7 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| EDWARDS SAPIEN 3 TRANSCATHETER HEART VALVE (THV) Normalized: edwards sapien 3 transcatheter heart valve thv |
Device | Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | $6,237.03 | 4 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| TRICLIP Normalized: triclip |
Device | Abbott Laboratories | $4,535.24 | 3 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| EVOQUE Normalized: evoque |
Device | Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | $1,883.27 | 8 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| SAPIEN 3 Ultra RESILIA Normalized: sapien 3 ultra resilia |
Device | Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | $647.28 | 7 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| COREVALVE EVOLUT R Normalized: corevalve evolut r |
Device | Medtronic, Inc. | $510.79 | 7 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| LifeVest Normalized: lifevest |
Device | ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp) | $413.03 | 4 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| CORDELLA PULOMONARY ARTERY PRESSURE SENSOR Normalized: cordella pulomonary artery pressure sensor |
Device | ENDOTRONIX, INC. | $298.52 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| Paradise Ultrasound Renal Denervation System Normalized: paradise ultrasound renal denervation system |
Device | Recor Medical Inc | $251.94 | 3 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| ABSOLUTE PRO Normalized: absolute pro |
Device | Abbott Laboratories | $204.31 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| Asahi Peripheral Vascular Wires Normalized: asahi peripheral vascular wires |
Device | ASAHI INTECC USA, INC. | $145.00 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| Shockwave IVL System with the Shockwave C2 Coronary IVL Catheter Normalized: shockwave ivl system with the shockwave c2 coronary ivl catheter |
Device | Shockwave Medical, Inc | $140.40 | 3 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| Barostim Neo System Normalized: barostim neo system |
Device | CVRx, Inc. | $128.64 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| Attruby Normalized: attruby |
Drug | BridgeBio Pharma, Inc. | $125.00 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| THORATEC HEARTMATE 3 LVAS IMPLANT KIT Normalized: thoratec heartmate 3 lvas implant kit |
Device | Abbott Laboratories | $121.99 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| AccuCinch Normalized: accucinch |
Device | Ancora Heart, Inc. | $114.52 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| WATCHMAN FLX Normalized: watchman flx |
Device | Boston Scientific Corporation | $100.14 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| Penumbra System Normalized: penumbra system |
Device | Penumbra, Inc. | $91.06 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| IGT Devices Undivided Normalized: igt devices undivided |
Device | Philips North America LLC | $75.82 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| Edwards SAPIEN 3 Ultra Transcatheter Heart Valve Normalized: edwards sapien 3 ultra transcatheter heart valve |
Device | Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | $36.83 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| AVVIGO Guidance System Normalized: avvigo guidance system |
Device | Boston Scientific Corporation | $35.21 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| LEQVIO Normalized: leqvio |
Drug | Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation | $24.33 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| FFRct Normalized: ffrct |
Device | HEARTFLOW, INC. | $22.11 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| ENDURANT IIS Normalized: endurant iis |
Device | Medtronic, Inc. | $21.09 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| INeb Devices Normalized: ineb devices |
Device | Philips North America LLC | $15.66 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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| ALPHAVAC Normalized: alphavac |
Device | AngioDynamics, Inc. | $13.95 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
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* Product-associated amounts are non-additive because one payment record may name more than one product.
These products were named on specific Open Payments records. A named product does not show that the payment influenced treatment or prescribing.
Public prescribing for products named in payments
No exact normalized or approved-alias overlap was found in the loaded Part D year. This does not mean the doctor never prescribed the product.
The presence of the same drug in both datasets does not show that a payment caused or influenced a prescription.
Analysis 2 · Same-company prescribing overlap
Drugs reported in other payments from the same company that also appear in Medicare Part D
This analysis is independent from products named on this doctor’s individual payment records. A row appears only when the exact Open Payments reporting entity paid this doctor, that same reporting entity reported the drug or biological on at least 10 loaded General Payment records involving at least 2 distinct recipient NPIs, and this doctor has the same non-generic brand in public Part D data. This does not mean the company owns or manufactures the drug.
| Paying company | Payment year | Drug reported by same entity | Open Payments evidence | Part D | Claims | Beneficiaries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation Exact reporting entity; no affiliate inference |
2025 | ENTRESTO open payments reported associated product |
CMS Open Payments — General Payments 9346 supporting records · 6254 recipient NPIs · example record 1200004797 |
Entresto · 2024 Exact normalized brand match · 1 Part D row |
72 | 20 |
These facts do not show that a payment was for the drug, that the company owns or manufactures the drug, or that a payment caused or influenced prescribing.
Public Medicare Part D data
Provider-and-drug rows loaded for 2024
| Brand | Generic | Claims | Beneficiaries |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atorvastatin Calcium | Atorvastatin Calcium | 299 | 119 |
| Eliquis | Apixaban | 272 | 76 |
| Spironolactone | Spironolactone | 198 | 70 |
| Amlodipine Besylate | Amlodipine Besylate | 165 | 66 |
| Ezetimibe | Ezetimibe | 161 | 54 |
| Furosemide | Furosemide | 148 | 51 |
| Rosuvastatin Calcium | Rosuvastatin Calcium | 141 | 60 |
| Metoprolol Succinate | Metoprolol Succinate | 131 | 52 |
| Lisinopril | Lisinopril | 113 | 46 |
| Clopidogrel | Clopidogrel Bisulfate | 109 | 49 |
| Losartan Potassium | Losartan Potassium | 100 | 39 |
| Carvedilol | Carvedilol | 89 | 39 |
| Xarelto | Rivaroxaban | 85 | 24 |
| Entresto | Sacubitril/Valsartan | 72 | 20 |
| Isosorbide Mononitrate Er | Isosorbide Mononitrate | 62 | 24 |
| Metoprolol Tartrate | Metoprolol Tartrate | 62 | 28 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | Hydrochlorothiazide | 52 | 22 |
| Ranolazine Er | Ranolazine | 44 | 11 |
| Warfarin Sodium | Warfarin Sodium | 41 | 16 |
| Torsemide | Torsemide | 39 | 18 |
| Repatha Sureclick | Evolocumab | 32 | suppressed |
| Simvastatin | Simvastatin | 28 | 12 |
| Lisinopril-Hydrochlorothiazide | Lisinopril/Hydrochlorothiazide | 23 | suppressed |
| Diltiazem 24hr Er (Cd) | Diltiazem Hcl | 21 | suppressed |
| Nitroglycerin | Nitroglycerin | 21 | 18 |
| Pravastatin Sodium | Pravastatin Sodium | 20 | suppressed |
| Atenolol | Atenolol | 19 | suppressed |
| Bisoprolol Fumarate | Bisoprolol Fumarate | 19 | suppressed |
| Potassium Chloride | Potassium Chloride | 18 | suppressed |
| Pantoprazole Sodium | Pantoprazole Sodium | 17 | suppressed |
| Sotalol | Sotalol Hcl | 17 | suppressed |
| Eplerenone | Eplerenone | 13 | suppressed |
| Jardiance | Empagliflozin | 12 | suppressed |
| Repatha Pushtronex | Evolocumab | 12 | suppressed |
Timeline
Payment and prescribing data by year
Open Payments and Medicare Part D may refer to different years. They are shown separately rather than aligned as if they describe the same period.
| Year | General Payments | Main payer | Explicit products | Company overlaps | Part D coverage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $28,850.72 · 66 records | Abbott Laboratories | ABSOLUTE PRO, ALPHAVAC, AVVIGO Guidance System, AccuCinch, Asahi Peripheral Vascular Wires, Attruby, Barostim Neo System, CORDELLA PULOMONARY ARTERY PRESSURE SENSOR, COREVALVE EVOLUT R, EDWARDS SAPIEN 3 TRANSCATHETER HEART VALVE (THV), ENDURANT IIS, EVOQUE, Edwards SAPIEN 3 Ultra Transcatheter Heart Valve, FFRct, IGT Devices Undivided, INeb Devices, LEQVIO, LifeVest, MITRACLIP, Paradise Ultrasound Renal Denervation System, Penumbra System, SAPIEN 3 Ultra RESILIA, Shockwave IVL System with the Shockwave C2 Coronary IVL Catheter, THORATEC HEARTMATE 3 LVAS IMPLANT KIT, TRICLIP, WATCHMAN FLX | 1 | — |
| 2024 | — | — | — | — | Complete |
Questions to ask
Questions you could discuss with your doctor
- How do you evaluate evidence when you have a financial relationship with Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation?
- Are there reasonable alternatives I should understand when we discuss treatment options?
- How should I interpret the industry-payment records shown here in the context of my care?
These are general questions generated from reviewed templates. They are not personalized medical advice.
Sources and limitations
How to read this page
- Payment and Medicare prescribing data can cover different years; every comparison shows both years explicitly.
- Part D does not represent a doctor’s entire practice; it excludes many patients and is subject to CMS public-release thresholds.
- Company–drug relationships must have an auditable source, a precise relationship type, and a valid evidence period. Unresolved mappings are not published.
- Generic drug claims are not attributed to a specific manufacturer without manufacturer-level evidence.
- When a source extract is incomplete, missing rows are never treated as proof of no payments or no prescriptions.
Loaded source releases
| Dataset | Year | Publication | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| CMS Open Payments — General Payments | 2025 | 2026-06-30 | Original source |
| Medicare Part D Prescribers by Provider and Drug | 2024 | 2026-05-06 | Original source |
| NPPES Data Dissemination V2 | current / reference data | 2026-08-10 | Original source |
Full methodology · Questions & answers · Report a possible error