Payment overview · 2025
General Payments
$2,596.15
140 reported records · 19 companies
Healthcare provider profile · identity verified
Ashley Oakes Towe, APRN
Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner|Family · BOWLING GREEN, KY · NPI 1861816621
Verified facts
What the public records show
CMS Open Payments records show Ashley Oakes Towe, APRN received $2,596.15 in general payments during 2025 across 140 reported records.
ABBVIE INC. accounted for 16.2% of that reported general-payment amount.
The Open Payments records used for this analysis explicitly named 23 associated products.
A separate comparison found the same explicitly named product in public Medicare Part D data: Linzess, Xifaxan.
ABBVIE INC. reported payments to this doctor in 2025. Across the 2025 Open Payments General Payment records loaded for this analysis, that same reporting entity reported LINZESS as an associated drug or biological on 87954 records involving 21815 distinct recipient NPIs. Public Medicare Part D data also shows 123 claims for Linzess by this doctor in 2024.
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC reported payments to this doctor in 2025. Across the 2025 Open Payments General Payment records loaded for this analysis, that same reporting entity reported TRULANCE as an associated drug or biological on 2652 records involving 1501 distinct recipient NPIs. Public Medicare Part D data also shows 41 claims for Trulance by this doctor in 2024.
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC reported payments to this doctor in 2025. Across the 2025 Open Payments General Payment records loaded for this analysis, that same reporting entity reported XIFAXAN as an associated drug or biological on 101901 records involving 33018 distinct recipient NPIs. Public Medicare Part D data also shows 14 claims for Xifaxan by this doctor in 2024.
These records do not establish that a payment influenced prescribing or medical care.
Separate record types
Research & Ownership
Research Payments (direct recipient): not present in the loaded data
Associated Research Funding (for example, named PI): not present in the loaded data
Ownership / Investment: not present in the loaded data
These categories are never added into the General Payments headline. Associated research funding must not be described as money the doctor personally received unless the source record supports that conclusion.
Who paid this doctor?
Companies in 2025 General Payments
| Reported company | Canonical company | Amount | Share | Records | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABBVIE INC. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $419.50 | 16.2% | 30 | 2025 |
| Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $335.14 | 12.9% | 17 | 2025 |
| Lilly USA, LLC | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $260.67 | 10.0% | 19 | 2025 |
| Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $209.16 | 8.1% | 10 | 2025 |
| Ardelyx, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $182.27 | 7.0% | 9 | 2025 |
| Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $169.89 | 6.5% | 12 | 2025 |
| Novo Nordisk Inc | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $166.08 | 6.4% | 3 | 2025 |
| Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $155.39 | 6.0% | 6 | 2025 |
| Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $145.85 | 5.6% | 9 | 2025 |
| Madrigal Pharmaceuticals | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $140.31 | 5.4% | 6 | 2025 |
| Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $74.55 | 2.9% | 1 | 2025 |
| Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $68.63 | 2.6% | 4 | 2025 |
| PFIZER INC. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $68.39 | 2.6% | 4 | 2025 |
| QOL Medical, LLC | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $45.34 | 1.8% | 3 | 2025 |
| Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $44.38 | 1.7% | 2 | 2025 |
| Daiichi Sankyo Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $37.20 | 1.4% | 2 | 2025 |
| Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $32.38 | 1.2% | 1 | 2025 |
| Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $29.38 | 1.1% | 1 | 2025 |
| Boston Scientific Corporation | Unresolved — no canonical attribution shown | $11.64 | 0.5% | 1 | 2025 |
What were the payments for?
Payment categories
| Category | Amount | Records |
|---|---|---|
| Food and Beverage | $2,596.15 | 140 |
A meal, consulting fee, royalty, and travel payment describe different kinds of reported relationships and should not be interpreted as equivalent.
Analysis 1 · Payment-linked products
Products named in Open Payments records
| Reported product | Type | Reported company | Related amount* | Records | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VOQUEZNA Normalized: voquezna |
Drug | Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | $335.14 | 17 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| TREMFYA Normalized: tremfya |
Drug | Janssen Biotech, Inc., Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC | $244.44 | 13 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| OMVOH Normalized: omvoh |
Drug | Lilly USA, LLC | $241.80 | 18 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| SKYRIZI Normalized: skyrizi |
Biological | ABBVIE INC. | $240.05 | 16 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| XIFAXAN Normalized: xifaxan |
Drug | Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC | $209.16 | 10 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| RINVOQ Normalized: rinvoq |
Biological | ABBVIE INC. | $204.46 | 14 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| IBSRELA Normalized: ibsrela |
Drug | Ardelyx, Inc. | $182.27 | 9 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| Wegovy Normalized: wegovy |
Drug | Novo Nordisk Inc | $166.08 | 3 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| CREON Normalized: creon |
Drug | ABBVIE INC. | $157.04 | 12 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| LINZESS Normalized: linzess |
Drug | ABBVIE INC. | $157.04 | 12 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| REZDIFFRA Normalized: rezdiffra |
Drug | Madrigal Pharmaceuticals | $140.31 | 6 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| ENTYVIO Normalized: entyvio |
Biological | Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. | $129.18 | 8 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| IQIRVO Normalized: iqirvo |
Drug | Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc | $68.63 | 4 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| VELSIPITY Normalized: velsipity |
Drug | PFIZER INC. | $68.39 | 4 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| Sucraid Normalized: sucraid |
Drug | QOL Medical, LLC | $45.34 | 3 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| OCALIVA Normalized: ocaliva |
Drug | Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | $44.38 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| INJECTAFER Normalized: injectafer |
Drug | Daiichi Sankyo Inc. | $37.20 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| DUPIXENT Normalized: dupixent |
Biological | Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. | $32.38 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| XELJANZ Normalized: xeljanz |
Drug | PFIZER INC. | $30.60 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| GIVLAARI Normalized: givlaari |
Drug | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc. | $29.38 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| MAVYRET Normalized: mavyret |
Drug | ABBVIE INC. | $22.41 | 2 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| EOHILIA Normalized: eohilia |
Drug | Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. | $16.67 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
| Axonics Normalized: axonics |
Device | Boston Scientific Corporation | $11.64 | 1 | 2025 |
Source payment records
|
|||||
* Product-associated amounts are non-additive because one payment record may name more than one product.
These products were named on specific Open Payments records. A named product does not show that the payment influenced treatment or prescribing.
Public prescribing for products named in payments
| Open Payments product | Payment year | Part D brand | Part D year | Claims | Match method | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LINZESS linzess |
2025 | Linzess | 2024 | 123 | exact normalized | Medicare Part D |
| XIFAXAN xifaxan |
2025 | Xifaxan | 2024 | 14 Beneficiary count suppressed |
exact normalized | Medicare Part D |
The presence of the same drug in both datasets does not show that a payment caused or influenced a prescription.
Analysis 2 · Same-company prescribing overlap
Drugs reported in other payments from the same company that also appear in Medicare Part D
This analysis is independent from products named on this doctor’s individual payment records. A row appears only when the exact Open Payments reporting entity paid this doctor, that same reporting entity reported the drug or biological on at least 10 loaded General Payment records involving at least 2 distinct recipient NPIs, and this doctor has the same non-generic brand in public Part D data. This does not mean the company owns or manufactures the drug.
| Paying company | Payment year | Drug reported by same entity | Open Payments evidence | Part D | Claims | Beneficiaries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABBVIE INC. Exact reporting entity; no affiliate inference |
2025 | LINZESS open payments reported associated product |
CMS Open Payments — General Payments 87954 supporting records · 21815 recipient NPIs · example record 1201352608 |
Linzess · 2024 Exact normalized brand match · 1 Part D row |
123 | 37 |
| Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC Exact reporting entity; no affiliate inference |
2025 | TRULANCE open payments reported associated product |
CMS Open Payments — General Payments 2652 supporting records · 1501 recipient NPIs · example record 1231775445 |
Trulance · 2024 Exact normalized brand match · 1 Part D row |
41 | 12 |
| Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC Exact reporting entity; no affiliate inference |
2025 | XIFAXAN open payments reported associated product |
CMS Open Payments — General Payments 101901 supporting records · 33018 recipient NPIs · example record 1231775337 |
Xifaxan · 2024 Exact normalized brand match · 1 Part D row |
14 | suppressed by CMS |
These facts do not show that a payment was for the drug, that the company owns or manufactures the drug, or that a payment caused or influenced prescribing.
Public Medicare Part D data
Provider-and-drug rows loaded for 2024
| Brand | Generic | Claims | Beneficiaries |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pantoprazole Sodium | Pantoprazole Sodium | 350 | 100 |
| Omeprazole | Omeprazole | 230 | 70 |
| Ondansetron Odt | Ondansetron | 157 | 108 |
| Linzess | Linaclotide | 123 | 37 |
| Gavilyte-G | Peg3350/Sod Sulf,bicarb,cl/Kcl | 90 | 84 |
| Esomeprazole Magnesium | Esomeprazole Magnesium | 80 | 12 |
| Famotidine | Famotidine | 71 | 25 |
| Peg-3350 And Electrolytes | Peg3350/Sod Sulf,bicarb,cl/Kcl | 58 | 53 |
| Dicyclomine Hcl | Dicyclomine Hcl | 52 | 14 |
| Trulance | Plecanatide | 41 | 12 |
| Sod Sulf-Potass Sulf-Mag Sulf | Sodium, Potassium,mag Sulfates | 35 | 35 |
| Movantik | Naloxegol Oxalate | 28 | suppressed |
| Dexlansoprazole Dr | Dexlansoprazole | 27 | suppressed |
| Sucralfate | Sucralfate | 26 | 13 |
| Hydrocortisone | Hydrocortisone | 24 | suppressed |
| Lubiprostone | Lubiprostone | 23 | suppressed |
| Promethazine Hcl | Promethazine Hcl | 22 | suppressed |
| Ondansetron Hcl | Ondansetron Hcl | 21 | suppressed |
| Procto-Med Hc | Hydrocortisone | 18 | suppressed |
| Gavilyte-C | Peg3350/Sod Sulf,bicarb,cl/Kcl | 16 | 16 |
| Motegrity | Prucalopride Succinate | 16 | suppressed |
| Xifaxan | Rifaximin | 14 | suppressed |
| Imipramine Hcl | Imipramine Hcl | 13 | suppressed |
| Ursodiol | Ursodiol | 12 | suppressed |
| Colestipol Hcl | Colestipol Hcl | 11 | suppressed |
Timeline
Payment and prescribing data by year
Open Payments and Medicare Part D may refer to different years. They are shown separately rather than aligned as if they describe the same period.
| Year | General Payments | Main payer | Explicit products | Company overlaps | Part D coverage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $2,596.15 · 140 records | ABBVIE INC. | Axonics, CREON, DUPIXENT, ENTYVIO, EOHILIA, GIVLAARI, IBSRELA, INJECTAFER, IQIRVO, LINZESS, MAVYRET, OCALIVA, OMVOH, REZDIFFRA, RINVOQ, SKYRIZI, Sucraid, TREMFYA, VELSIPITY, VOQUEZNA, Wegovy, XELJANZ, XIFAXAN | 3 | — |
| 2024 | — | — | — | — | Complete |
Questions to ask
Questions you could discuss with your doctor
- What role, if any, does Linzess play in your treatment recommendations for me?
- How do you evaluate evidence when you have a financial relationship with ABBVIE INC.?
- Are there reasonable alternatives I should understand when we discuss treatment options?
- How should I interpret the industry-payment records shown here in the context of my care?
These are general questions generated from reviewed templates. They are not personalized medical advice.
Sources and limitations
How to read this page
- Payment and Medicare prescribing data can cover different years; every comparison shows both years explicitly.
- Part D does not represent a doctor’s entire practice; it excludes many patients and is subject to CMS public-release thresholds.
- Company–drug relationships must have an auditable source, a precise relationship type, and a valid evidence period. Unresolved mappings are not published.
- Generic drug claims are not attributed to a specific manufacturer without manufacturer-level evidence.
- When a source extract is incomplete, missing rows are never treated as proof of no payments or no prescriptions.
Loaded source releases
| Dataset | Year | Publication | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| CMS Open Payments — General Payments | 2025 | 2026-06-30 | Original source |
| Medicare Part D Prescribers by Provider and Drug | 2024 | 2026-05-06 | Original source |
| NPPES Data Dissemination V2 | current / reference data | 2026-08-10 | Original source |
Full methodology · Questions & answers · Report a possible error